The species lists below include all of the amphibians in California broken down by protected status. Species with multiple designations are listed more than once, and will appear in each category that is suitable. However, species with multiple designations will have a “-” after the latin name and a series of letters that describes all of the designations. The “key” is as follows:
FE = Federal Endangered FT = Federal Threatened
SE = State Endangered ST = State Threatened
FP = Fully Protected SSC = California Species of Special Concern
Taxonomic References:
Federal Listed Amphibians
California has a total of 9 federally listed amphibians. (11 species are listed below because it includes 3 Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) of California tiger salamander and 2 DPSs of Mountain yellow-legged frog)
Federal Endangered Amphibians (6 total species and 2 DPSs)
- California tiger salamander – Santa Barbara and Sonoma County DPSs (Ambystoma californiense) – FE, FT, ST
- Santa Cruz long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) – FE, SE, FP
- Desert slender salamander (Batrachoseps major aridus) – FE, SE
- Arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus) – FE, SSC
- Mountain yellow-legged frog – southern California DPS (Rana muscosa) – FE, SE
- Mountain yellow-legged frog – northern California DPS (Rana muscosa) – FE, SE
- Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog (Rana sierrae) – FE, ST
Federal Threatened Amphibians (4 total species)
- California tiger salamander – central California DPS (Ambystoma californiense) – FE, FT, ST
- Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus) – FT, SSC
- California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) – FT, SSC
- Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) – FT, SSC
State Listed Amphibians
California has a total of 12 state listed amphibians, and five of those species are also federally listed species.
State Endangered Amphibians (3 total species)
- Santa Cruz long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) – FE, SE, FP
- Desert slender salamander (Batrachoseps major aridus) – FE, SE
- Southern mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa) – FE, SE
State Threatened Amphibians (9 total species)
- California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) – FE, FT, ST
- Siskiyou Mountains salamander (Plethodon stormi)
- Scott Bar salamander (Plethodon asupak)
- Tehachapi slender salamander (Batrachoseps stebbinsi)
- Kern Canyon slender salamander (Batrachoseps simatus)
- Shasta salamander (Hydromantes shastae)
- Limestone salamander (Hydromantes brunus) – ST, FP
- Black toad (Anaxyrus exsul) – ST, FP
- Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog (Rana sierrae) – FE, ST
Fully Protected Amphibians
(Click here to learn more about Fully Protected Species)
- Santa Cruz long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) – FE, SE, FP
- Limestone salamander (Hydromantes brunus) – ST, FP
- Black toad (Anaxyrus exsul) – ST, FP
Species of Special Concern
There are 21 amphibians in California that are Species of Special Concern (4 of them are also federally listed species).
A Species of Special Concern (SSC) is a species, subspecies, or distinct population of an animal* native to California that currently satisfies one or more of the following (not necessarily mutually exclusive) criteria**:
- is extirpated from the State or, in the case of birds, is extirpated in its primary season or breeding role;
- is listed as Federally-, but not State-, threatened or endangered; meets the State definition of threatened or endangered but has not formally been listed;
- is experiencing, or formerly experienced, serious (noncyclical) population declines or range retractions (not reversed) that, if continued or resumed, could qualify it for State threatened or endangered status;
- has naturally small populations exhibiting high susceptibility to risk from any factor(s), that if realized, could lead to declines that would qualify it for State threatened or endangered status.
*for the purposes of this discussion, “animal” means fish, amphibian, reptile, bird and mammal
**criteria for fishes are similar except that Federally listed taxa are not defined as SSCs
- Southern long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillatum)
- California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus)
- Southern torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton variegatus)
- Red-bellied newt (Taricha rivularis)
- Coast Range newt (Taricha torosa) [Monterey Co. & south only]
- Santa Cruz black salamander (Aneides niger)
- Inyo Mountains slender salamander (Batrachoseps campi)
- Lesser slender salamander (Batrachoseps minor)
- Relictual slender salamander (Batrachoseps relictus)
- Couch’s spadefoot (Scaphiopus couchii)
- Western spadefoot (Spea hammondii)
- Arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus) – FE, SSC
- Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus) – FT, SSC
- Sonoran desert toad (Incilius alvarius)
- Northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) [Native populations only]
- Lowland leopard frog (Lithobates yavapaiensis)
- Northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora)
- Foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii)
- Cascades frog (Rana cascadae)
- California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) – FT, SSC
- Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) – FT, SSC
CDFW Watchlist Amphibians
- Yellow-blotched salamander (Ensatina eschscholtzii croceator)
- Large-blotched salamander (Ensatina klauberi)
- Mount Lyell salamander (Hydromantes platycephalus)
- Del Norte salamander (Plethodon elongatus)
All Amphibians of California
There are 74 amphibians that occur in California, and 7 of those species are introduced to California (67 are natives). A total of 3 of those species occur in extremely limited distribution.
(Source: CDFW here)
I – species Introduced to California, non-native
* – extremely limited distribution in California
Salamanders (Caudata)
- Mole Salamanders and Relatives (Ambystomatidae)
- Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum)
- Western Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma mavortium)
- California Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma californiense) – I
- Northwestern Salamander (Ambystoma gracile)
- California Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus)
- Coastal Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)
- Torrent Salamanders (Rhyacotritonidae)
- Southern Torrent Salamander (Rhyacotriton variegatus)
- Newts (Salamandridae)
- California Newt (Taricha torosa)
- Red-bellied Newt (Taricha rivularis)
- Rough-skinned Newt (Taricha granulosa)
- Sierra Newt (Taricha sierrae)
- Lungless Salamanders (Plethodontidae)
- Mount Lyell Salamander (Hydromantes platycephalus)
- Black-bellied Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps nigriventris)
- Channel Islands Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps pacificus)
- San Gabriel Mtns Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps gabrieli)
- Gabilan Mtns Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps gavilanensis)
- Santa Lucia Mtns Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps luciae)
- Lesser Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps minor)
- San Simeon Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps incognitus)
- Sequoia Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps kawia)
- Relictual Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps relictus)
- Greenhorn Mtns Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps altasierrae)
- Fairview Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps bramei)
- California Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps attenuatus)
- Shasta Salamander (Hydromantes shastae)
- Kern Canyon Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps simatus)
- Limestone Salamander (Hydromantes brunus)
- Gregarious Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps gregarius)
- Hell Hollow Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps diabolicus)
- Kings River Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps regius)
- Scott Bar Salamander (Plethodon asupak)
- Southern California Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps major)
- Wandering Salamander (Aneides vagrans)
- Tehachapi Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps stebbinsi)
- Dunn’s Salamander (Plethodon dunni)
- Del Norte Salamander (Plethodon elongatus)
- Siskiyou Mtns Salamander (Plethodon stormi)
- Black Salamander (Aneides flavipunctatus)
- Clouded Salamander (Aneides ferreus)
- Arboreal Salamander (Aneides lugubris)
- Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)
- Kern Plateau Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps robustus)
- Inyo Mtns Salamander (Batrachoseps campi)
Frogs (Anura)
- Tail-wagging Frogs (Leiopelmatidae)
- Coastal Tailed Frog (Ascaphus truei)
- North American Spadefoots (Scaphiopodidae)
- Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana)
- Couch’s Spadefoot (Scaphiopus couchii)
- Western Spadefoot (Spea hammondii)
- True Toads (Bufonidae)
- Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas)
- Great Plains Toad (Anaxyrus cognatus)
- Red-spotted Toad (Anaxyrus punctatus)
- Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus)
- Woodhouse’s Toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii)
- Black Toad (Anaxyrus exsul)
- Sonoran Desert Toad (Incilius alvarius) – *
- Yosemite Toad (Anaxyrus canorus)
- Neotropical Thin-toed Frogs (Leptodactylidae)
- Coqui (Eleutherodactylus coqui) – I,*
- Treefrogs (Hylidae)
- California Treefrog (Pseudacris cadaverina)
- Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla)
- Baja California Treefrog (Pseudacris hypochondriaca)
- Sierran Treefrog (Pseudacris sierra)
- True Frogs (Ranidae)
- Southern Mountain Yellow-legged Frog (Rana muscosa)
- Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog (Rana sierrae)
- Foothill Yellow-legged Frog (Rana boylii)
- American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) – I
- Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens) – I
- Cascades Frog (Rana cascadae)
- African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) – I
- Rio Grande Leopard Frog (Lithobates berlandieri) – I
- Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora)
- California Red-legged Frog (Rana draytonii)
- Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa)
- Lowland Leopard Frog (Lithobates yavapaiensis) – *
- Southern Leopard Frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus) – I
- Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris)